1. _ Watt, Ian. The Rise of the Novel. London: Chatto and Windus, 1956, p. 11
2. ibid
3. ibid, p.32
4. ibid, p.14
5. Mukherjee, Meenakshi. Realism and Reality: The Novel and Society in India. Delhi: OUP, 1985, p. 7
6. Paranjape, Makrand. Towards a Poetics of the Indian English Novel. Shimla: IIAS, 2000, p. 21
7. ibid, p.79
8. ibid, p.78
9. ibid, p.79
10. ibid, p.25
11. Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1998, 11th rpt, p. 3
12. Holquist, Michael. “Introduction” Bakhtin XV-XXXIII, p. XXX
13. ibid, p.XXVII
14. Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1998, 11th rpt, p. 7
15. ibid, p.11
16. ibid, p.39
17. ibid, p.22
18. ibid, p.12
19. ibid, p.11
20. ibid.
21. Kumar, Akshaya. A.K. Ramanujan: In Profile and Fragment. Jaipur and New Delhi: Rawat Publications, 2004, p. 97
22. ibid, p. 3
23. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Rise and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991, p. 6
24. ibid, p. 36
25. ibid, p. 26
26. Culler, Jonathan. “Anderson and the Novel.” Diacritics. 29.4 (1999), p. 25
27. Chatterjee, Partha. “Anderson’s Utopia” Diacritics. 29.4 (1999), p. 132
28. Bhabha, Homi, ed. Nation and Narration. London: Routledge, 1990, p. 2